BRCA genetic screening is valuable, but should be carefully considered
BRCA genes are linked to certain cancer risks in women. Changes, or mutations, in a woman’s BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes could indicate an increased risk of developing breast or other cancers. BRCA genetic screening is available to determine whether a woman has a mutation in a BRCA gene. Testing can provide useful information for cancer prevention and treatment. However, a BRCA genetic test can have a significant impact on a woman and her relatives who share her genes. For this reason, our San Antonio OBGYNs recommend a thorough medical consultation for anyone considering genetic testing.
Who needs BRCA testing?
Only about 0.2% of people in the United States have a change in a BRCA gene, therefore most women will never need genetic screening. The decision to consider testing is based on the woman’s and her relatives’ medical histories.
Women with any of these risk factors may be considered candidates for BRCA screening.
- Family history of breast cancer before age 50
- Family member who has experienced multiple breast cancers
- Family member who has had both breast and ovarian cancer
- First-degree relative (mother, sister or daughter) who has had ovarian cancer
- Male family member who has had breast cancer
- Multiple family members on the same side with melanoma or ovarian, prostate or pancreatic cancers
- Ashkenazi Jewish heritage
Testing can also be useful to guide treatment decisions after a breast cancer diagnosis.
If a woman is concerned about her risk for a BRCA gene mutation, it is crucial that she have in-depth conversations with her OBGYN before testing. These conversations will help her understand the potential impacts of the test results on her and her family. Discussions will include how test results might be used, as well as possible medical implications.
Moving forward with BRCA genetic screening
BRCA testing can screen for many gene variants. A woman’s medical and family history will be used to determine for which gene mutations she should be screened. Testing for BRCA gene mutations is done using a saliva or blood sample.
Understanding BRCA test results
BRCA screening yields four possible results: positive (a gene mutation), negative (no gene mutation), variant of uncertain significance (an unidentified gene change), or inconclusive (insufficient data for a ruling).
A woman’s OBGYN will guide her through the results and may also refer her to a genetic counselor. The findings can be used, along with her doctor’s counsel, to make important health decisions. However, results do not determine whether a woman will or will not get cancer.
If a BRCA gene mutation is identified
If screening shows a BRCA mutation, a woman may decide to take steps to reduce her cancer risk. Options include enhanced screening, risk-reducing surgery, and risk-reducing medications. For a woman who has already been diagnosed with breast cancer, a positive BRCA gene mutation can inform decisions about her cancer treatment.
If you have BRCA risk factors, our San Antonio OBGYNs are available to discuss your personal risk level and genetic testing. Contact Legacy Women’s Health for an appointment.
